Heparan sulfat

Heparan sulfat (HS) je linearni polisaharid koji je prisutan u svim životinjskim tkivima. On se javlja kao proteoglikan (HSPG) u kome su dva ili tri HS lanca vezana za proteine u blizini ćelijske površine ili u ekstracelularnom matriksu.^[1]^[2] U tom obliku HS se vezuje za niz proteinskih liganda i reguliše mnoštvo bioloških aktivnosti, među kojima su razvojni procesi, angiogeneza, koagulacija krvi i metastaza tumora. Za HS je pokazano da služi kao ćelijski receptor za brojne viruse (npr. respiratorni sincitialni virus^[3]).

Proteoglikani

Glavni HSPG ćelijske membrane su transmembranski sindekani i glikozil-fosfatidilinozitol (GPI) učvršćeni glipikanima. Druge manje zastupljene forme membranskih HSPG sz betaglikan^[4] i V-3 izoforma CD44 prisutna na keratinocitima i aktivirani monociti.^[5]

Reference

^ Gallagher, J.T.; Lyon, M. (2000). „Molecular structure of Heparan Sulfate and interactions with growth factors and morphogens”. Ур.: Iozzo, M. V. Proteoglycans: structure, biology and molecular interactions. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, New York. стр. 27–59.
^ Iozzo, R. V. (1998). „Matrix proteoglycans: from molecular design to cellular function”. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67: 609—652. PMID 9759499. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.609.
^ Louay K. Hallak; Dorothe Spillmann; et al. (2000). „Glycosaminoglycan Sulfation Requirements for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection”. Journal of Virology. 74 (22): 10508—10513.
^ Andres; J. L.; et al. (1992). „Binding of two growth factor families to separate domains of the proteoglycan betaglycan”. J. Biol. Chem. 267 (9): 5927—30. PMID 1556106.
^ Jackson; D. G.; et al. (1995). „Proteoglycan forms of lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 are alternatively spliced variants containing the V-3 exon”. J. Cell. Biol. 128 (4): 673—685. PMC 2199896 . PMID 7532175. doi:10.1083/jcb.128.4.673.

[1] Gallagher, J.T.; Lyon, M. (2000). „Molecular structure of Heparan Sulfate and interactions with growth factors and morphogens”. Ур.: Iozzo, M. V. Proteoglycans: structure, biology and molecular interactions. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, New York. стр. 27–59.

[2] Iozzo, R. V. (1998). „Matrix proteoglycans: from molecular design to cellular function”. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 67: 609—652. PMID 9759499. doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.67.1.609.

[3] Louay K. Hallak; Dorothe Spillmann; et al. (2000). „Glycosaminoglycan Sulfation Requirements for Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection”. Journal of Virology. 74 (22): 10508—10513.

[4] Andres; J. L.; et al. (1992). „Binding of two growth factor families to separate domains of the proteoglycan betaglycan”. J. Biol. Chem. 267 (9): 5927—30. PMID 1556106.

[5] Jackson; D. G.; et al. (1995). „Proteoglycan forms of lymphocyte homing receptor CD44 are alternatively spliced variants containing the V-3 exon”. J. Cell. Biol. 128 (4): 673—685. PMC 2199896 . PMID 7532175. doi:10.1083/jcb.128.4.673.

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